![]() A program must do operations quickly and then give control back to Windows, which can then give messages to other tasks. 16-bit Windows is also built around the concept of cooperative multitasking. A user with Windows 95 who does not type in a proper password still can access the local resources, if not the network. DOS was also written to suit the needs of a single user, with minimal security. This was made necessary by the segment-based addressing of the Intel 8086 based processor which essentially adds a 4-bit extension to the 16-bit addressing of the Intel 8080. 16-bit Windows is characterised by the use of 16-bit near pointers, 32-bit far pointers, and an awkward memory allocation system which requires the programmer to lock down a pointer to obtain a physical address and then release it so the operating system can relocate objects as needed to maximise efficiency. MS-DOS uses interrupts to call operating system services. The original version of Windows is a 16-bit GUI program which runs on MS-DOS and was written in Intel 8086 assembler. ![]()
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